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Mycotoxin patterns in ear rot infected maize: a comprehensive case study in Nigeria

Authors: Isaac Ogara, Zarafi B, Alabi , Banwo , Ezekiel Chibundu , Benedikt , Michael , Rudolf Krska

Publication Type: Journal article

Journal: Food Control

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Abstract

The levels of mycotoxin contamination in 78 ear rot infected maize sampled from nine states of northern Nigeria were determined by a straight-forward LC-MS/MS-based ‘dilute and shoot’ approach. Overall, 93 metabolites were identified whereof most can be assigned either to Aspergillus or Fusarium toxins with 37 and 34% occurrence respectively. Fusarium toxins typically occurred in higher concentrations above 320,000 ?g/kg for fumonisin B1 (FB1) and 1,000,000 ?g/kg for hydrolysed FB1. The fumonisins (FB1, FB2 and FB4) were also most widespread, occurring in all samples. Aflatoxin B1 (mean: 800 ?g/kg) was found in samples from all states, but in 63% of all samples. Less frequently reported aflatoxins (AFM1 and AFP1) were identified at a comparatively low level in the samples exhibiting the highest aflatoxin levels. Citrinin, cyclopiazonic acid, deoxynivalenol, nivalenol, ochratoxin A (OTA) and zearalenone also occurred in the samples. Total fumonisins, AFB1, total aflatoxin and OTA levels exceeded the EU limits in 76, 50, 47 and 1.3% of all samples respectively. The wide array of metabolites and exceptionally high concentrations of mycotoxins pose a substantial risk to food and feed safety in the event that the grains enter the animal and human food chain which is common in rural settings.

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Isaac,M.O Zarafi,A.B Alabi,O. Banwo,O. Ezekiel,C. Benedikt,W. Michael,S. Rudolf,K. . (2017). Mycotoxin patterns in ear rot infected maize: a comprehensive case study in Nigeria, 73 (), 1159-1159.

Isaac,M.O Zarafi,A.B Alabi,O. Banwo,O. Ezekiel,C. Benedikt,W. Michael,S. Rudolf,K. . "Mycotoxin patterns in ear rot infected maize: a comprehensive case study in Nigeria" 73, no (), (2017): 1159-1159.

Isaac,M.O and Zarafi,A.B and Alabi,O. and Banwo,O. and Ezekiel,C. and Benedikt,W. and Michael,S. and Rudolf,K. and . (2017). Mycotoxin patterns in ear rot infected maize: a comprehensive case study in Nigeria, 73 (), pp1159-1159.

IsaacMO, ZarafiAB, AlabiO, BanwoO, EzekielC, BenediktW, MichaelS, RudolfK, . Mycotoxin patterns in ear rot infected maize: a comprehensive case study in Nigeria. 2017, 73 ():1159-1159.

Isaac,M Ogara, Zarafi,A B, Alabi,O , Banwo,O , Ezekiel,Chibundu , Benedikt,Warth , Michael,Sulyok , and Rudolf,Krska . "Mycotoxin patterns in ear rot infected maize: a comprehensive case study in Nigeria", 73 . (2017) : 1159-1159.

I.M Ogara Z.A B A.O B.O E.Chibundu B.Warth M.Sulyok & R.Krska , "Mycotoxin patterns in ear rot infected maize: a comprehensive case study in Nigeria" vol.73, no., pp. 1159-1159, 2017.

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