The teaching of Jesus in Matt 5:38-42, especially prohibiting retaliation and vengeance, has been understood in various ways by many interpreters at various times. While some perceive the teaching as promoting absolute pacifism, others contend that such a teaching should not be taken at its face value, especially in the contemporary society where violence is directed at people even on the basis of their religious conviction and affiliation. Consequently, utilising the historical-grammatical exegesis and contextual approaches, this paper sought to ascertain what level of pacifism Jesus recommended to His original audience, especially in view of their life setting. It also attempted to verify to what extent Jesus' “pacifist” teaching applies to the contemporary society where violence is rife and in what constructive ways the contemporary Christian can respond to violence without retaliation, resistance and vengeance.