Abstract

Intimate partner violence [IPV] also historically called domestic
violence(D), describes any physical, sexual or psychological harm
by a current or former intimate partner or spouse with the intent of
causing pain, distress or injury [1]. It is an issue of global concern
that violates the law of basic human rights because many cultures still
accept harmful traditional practices towards women e.g. marital rape,
female genital mutilation [2]. Domestic violence forms a pattern of
behaviour and control which takes a variety of forms. These include
physical assault [ranging from bruises, major injuries and homicide],
psychological abuse (threats, intimidation, and degrading humiliating
behavior), sexual coercion and controlling behaviour (isolation from
family or friends and restriction of freedom of movement or control
over resources) [3].
UNICEF applies the term “domestic violence,” for family and
intimate partner violence. It includes violence that is perpetrated by
intimate partners and other family members, and that is manifested
through physical abuse, sexual abuse, psychological abuse, economic
abuse, and acts of omission [4]. Traditionally, domestic violence is
committed against females; however, both women and men experience
domestic violence but the prevalence and impact, particularly of sexual
and severe physical violence, is higher among women [5].
Domestic violence is widespread and the common forms of
violence against women in Nigeria are rape, acid attacks, molestation,
wife beating, and corporal punishment [6]. In a nationwide survey on
crime victimization and safety, the CLEEN Foundation reported that 1
in every 3 respondents (30%) admitted to being a victim of domestic
violence. The survey also found a nationwide increase in domestic
violence over 3 years from 21% in 2011 to 30% in 2013 [7]. It was
further revealed that domestic violence ranks among the top four most
common victimizations in Nigeria [7].A recent community-based
survey of IPV among married women in an urban area of Lagos, Nigeria
revealed lifetime prevalence for physical violence, sexual violence and
psychological violence of 50.5%, 33.8% and 85.0% respectively [8].
A hospital-based retrospective survey of DV survivors in Lagos,