Vernonia amygdalina is a homestead shrub widely used as green vegetable in most delicacies to boost human nutrition as well as an herb to treat most ailments like diabetes and malaria. Recent discoveries have unveiled several other medicinal, nutritional and economic value of this crop. However, in the recent past, there is little attention to the biodiversity and genetic improvement of this crop in the international research programme. This review provides an overview of the nutritional and medicinal importance of V. amygdalina as well as presents the economic advantages in the cultivation and management of V. amygdalina as a potential crop in poverty alleviation.