Nigeria is bound by the International Health Regulations (IHR) (2005), which came into force in 2007. An analysis of Nigeria’s compliance with the IHR (2005) was undertaken through the Joint External Evaluation (JEE) in 2017 under the technical area—National Legislation, Policy and Financing. That evaluation indicated a poor level of performance. Based on this, certain priority actions were recommended, including a comprehensive assessment of the existing legislative and policy framework to identify gaps hindering compliance with the IHR, and on the basis of this assessment, advocating revision of legal instruments and policies to address existing gaps and challenges. 1 Following from this, the National Action Plan for Health Security (NAPHS) 2018–2022 specifies the need for ‘Working towards ensuring that adequate statutory and administrative provisions for the implementation of the IHR are in place by December 2019 …’2 This Report addresses these priority actions by providing a comprehensive assessment of legislation drawn up at the federal level. It investigates the powers of the federal government to enact laws to ensure compliance with the IHR, and the extent to which it has exercised those powers in enacting legislation.