The comparative effects of canagliflozin and insulin on the kidney, lung and heart of streptozotocin-induced diabetic female Wistar rats.
Authors: UYAIABASI Gabriel
Journal: Nigerian Quarterly Journal Of Hospital Medicine
ISSN Number: 01892657
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Abstract
Background: Diabetes mellitus is a chronic and debilitating disease characterized by high blood glucose and predisposes sufferers to complications or organ damage. Canagliflozin is a sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitor used for T2DM. This study was to assess the effects of canagliflozin and insulin in glycaemic control and on the kidney, lungs and heart of streptozotocin-induced diabetic female Wistar rats.
Objectives: The study assessed the effects of canagliflozin and insulin in glycaemic control and on the kidney, lungs and heart of streptozotocin-induced diabetic female Wistar rats.
Method: Twenty Wistar rats weighing 100-160 g were randomly divided into four groups of 5 animals each. Diabetes was induced in groups 2-4 using streptozotocin. Animals in groups 1 and 2 received distilled water only. Groups 3 and 4 were treated with insulin (1 IU daily) and canagliflozin respectively (30 mg/kg) for 3 weeks. Blood glucose and major organs (kidney, lung and heart) were assessed.
Results: Canagliflozin and insulin showed good glucose lowering properties with 47.5% and 45% reduction in fasting blood glucose respectively. Diabetes had deleterious effect on all organs assessed. Lung histology of diabetic non-treated group showed reduced alveolar spaces with chronic inflammatory and reduced vascular space. Insulin reversed some of these effects. Kidney histology showed cortical congestion with mild haemorrhage in all diabetic groups, canagliflozin having additional mild tubular necrosis. The heart histology showed normal endocardium, but the diabetic group had mild fatty myocardial and congested pericardial vessel. These were seen in the treated groups but with less severity.
Conclusion: Canagliflozin and insulin were able to prevent or reduce some pathological effects caused by Diabetes mellitus on major organs.
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